This study focuses on two natural resources that are particularly relevant for Germany: rare-earth metals, which are needed for the production of future technologies, and natural gas, which is important for energy production in connection with the energy transition. Space mining is also examined as a proposed form of resource extraction that promises to be an alternative to exploiting Earth. Finally, a number of implications for security and economic policy are discussed, including the possible reconsideration of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project.