The conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the province of Nagorno-Karabakh has been one of the main destabilising factors in the post-Soviet region for more than three decades. In recent years, and especially since Russia’s attack on Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh has become another contributing factor in the conflict between Russia and the West. The EU could play a prominent role in the mediation and resolution of this conflict if it remains mindful of historical sensibilities, national needs and obligations, as well as geopolitical realities.